近日，荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学J. R. Callingham团队研究了恒星日冕物质抛射产生的射电暴。这一研究成果于2025年11月12日发表在《自然》杂志上。

日冕物质抛射（CMEs）是源自恒星的磁化等离子体巨大抛射，也是太阳系空间天气的最大贡献者。CMEs在行星大气侵蚀中扮演着重要角色，特别是对于那些靠近其宿主恒星的行星。然而，由于至今尚未明确探测到来自太阳以外恒星的CME，这一结论仍有争议。先前关于恒星CME的研究，只能通过探测其他类型的恒星爆发事件来推断CME的存在。快速CME的一个标志性特征是II型射电暴，它由CME穿过恒星日冕进入行星际空间时产生的冲击波发出。

研究组报道了源自早期M型矮星StKM 1-1262的一种类似于II型暴的事件。该暴展现出的频率、时间和偏振特性，与太阳II型暴的基础等离子体辐射完全相同。研究组证明，来自M型矮星的、具有相似射电光度的这类事件，其发生率为0.84+1.94-0.69 × 10-3 次/天/星。该探测意味着，研究组不再局限于将太阳CME的运动学和发生率外推至其他恒星，从而能够对CME对系外行星的影响建立观测上的限制。

附：英文原文

Title: Radio burst from a stellar coronal mass ejection

Author: Callingham, J. R., Tasse, C., Keers, R., Kavanagh, R. D., Vedantham, H. K., Zarka, P., Bellotti, S., Cristofari, P. I., Bloot, S., Konijn, D. C., Hardcastle, M. J., Lamy, L., Pass, E. K., Pope, B. J. S., Reid, H., Rttgering, H. J. A., Shimwell, T. W., Zucca, P.

Issue&Volume: 2025-11-12

Abstract: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are massive expulsions of magnetized plasma from a star and are the largest contributors to space weather in the Solar System1,2. CMEs play an important role in planetary atmospheric erosion, especially for planets that are close to their host star3,4,5. However, this conclusion remains controversial as there has not been an unambiguous detection of a CME from a star outside our Sun. Previous stellar CME studies have only inferred the presence of a CME through the detection of other types of stellar eruptive event6,7,8,9. A signature of a fast CME is a type II radio burst10,11, which is emitted from the shock wave produced as the CME travels through the stellar corona into interplanetary space. Here we report an analogue to a type II burst from the early M dwarf StKM 1-1262. The burst exhibits identical frequency, time and polarization properties to fundamental plasma emission from a solar type II burst. We demonstrate that the rate of these events with similar radio luminosity from M dwarfs is 0.8{4}_{-0.69}^{+1.94} imes 1{0}^{-3} per day per star. Our detection implies that we are no longer restricted to extrapolating the solar CME kinematics and rates to other stars, allowing us to establish observational limits on the impact of CMEs on exoplanets.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09715-3

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09715-3